Sedimentary structures

Sedimentary structures is a very broad sense, including the appearance of normal bedding including bedding kofigurasi appearance and / or modification of the bedding also caused both during the deposition process lasted well after the precipitation stops. Therefore it is important to first explain what exactly is meant by the bedding (bedding), so that will further clarify the limits of sediment structure.


Actually there has been no satisfactory bedding Definitively all parties, although in fact very broad terms the bedding was used in the descriptions of the Late Neogene sediments. Definitively the most widely used are those proposed by Otto (1938), a single is a unit of sedimentary layers deposited on the physical conditions remain constant. In line with the bedding itself was interpreted as a depositional surface areas caused by a change in sedimentation regime from time to time. These changes include:


A. Physical changes:

1. changes in the grain, including shape, size, orientation, packing and composition.
2. changes in various rocks, such as the limestone and marl.
3. Color change, although still having the same composition.

B. Chemical changes. In liquid solution carrying sediment changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration of ions will cause the bedding as well.


C. Biological processes. Differences in populations of organisms from time to time, will cause the bedding. Although no remains of dead organisms as fossils (eg worms) but the trail is likely to be found.

Geological Times Scale

Geological time scale used by geologists and scientists to explain time and relationships between events that occurred throughout the history of Earth. Table geological periods are shown on this page are adapted to time and nomenclature proposed by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, and uses a standard color code of the United States Geological Survey.Evidence from radiometric dating indicates that Earth was about 4570 million years. Geologic time the Earth organized into several units according to events that occurred in each period. Each day on the time scale is usually marked with large geological or paleontological events, such as mass extinctions. For example, the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene extinction event is defined by baerbagai dinosaurs and marine species. Period of older, fossil relic that has no reliable estimate of age, defined by absolute age.

Geomorphology

Geomorphology is a scientific study of Earth's surface and poses that happened to him. Broadly speaking, associated with the landform (land form) eroded from the rock hard, the shape formed by the construction of rock debris, and sometimes by perolaku organisms in which they live. "Surface" (surface) should not be interpreted narrowly; must include also the most distant Earth's crust. Appearance of subsurface, especially in areas where limestone is very important cave system formed and is an integral part of geomorphology. The effects of erosion by water, wind, and ice, in collaboration with latitude, altitude and position relative to the water laiut. Can be said that each region with specific climatic characteristics also have their own views as a result of erosion that works differently to the existing geological structure. Incision of water on a hard limestone layer can form a permanent river flow and periodic, can also be a drainage channel that passes through the weak parts. To form a basin-basin on the yag eroded and left the higher part of the hard eroded. The size of this basin and the height can be several centimeters to several kilometers. Morphology of macro Below are some forms of surface karst morphology meters to kilometers in size:

* Swallow Holes: Locations where surface flow entirely or partially from a subsurface flow contained in the limestone. Swallow holes contained in the Polje is often called ponor. (Marjorie M. Sweeting, 1972). This

Mineralogy

Mineralogy is an earth science that focuses on chemical properties, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) of minerals. This study also covers the process of mineral formation and change.
Initially, the mineralogy is more focused on the classification system of rock-forming minerals. International Mineralogical Association is an organization whose members represent organizations that mineralogical experts from each country. Its activities include the naming of minerals mengelolaan (through the Commission of New Minerals and Mineral Names), location of known minerals, etc.. Up to 2004 there have been more than 4000 species of minerals that are recognized by the IMA. Of all these, the 150 can be classified as "general", 50 others "sometimes", and the rest is "rarely" to "extremely rare"
In recent years, due to the development view of experimental techniques (such as neutron defraksi) and existing computing capabilities have enabled atomic-scale simulation of the behavior of crystals with highly accurate, this science has evolved to encompass broader more general issues in the field of inorganic